(i) Design and construction of drainage and irrigation systems by under ground pipes, with particular reference to the use and mechanical laying of plastic pipes; (ii) Drainage in saline conditions, with special reference to leaching of the soil in the presence of a high saline ground-water table

Germany

Physiography

The Federal Republic of Germany in Central Europe has its borders with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, France, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland and Denmark. The total area of Germany is 356,970 km² including 7,940 km² (i.e. 2.2 %) of inland waters. The total agricultural land is 54.1 % or 19,314,000 ha roughly subdivided in; arable land (11,832,000 ha); grassland (5,268,000 ha); vineyards, orchards and nursery plants (210,000 ha); fens, heather; gardens (2,004,000 ha).

The total cultivated agricultural land is 17,310,000 ha (1997). In addition to this, forests occupy 29.4 % or 10,491,000 ha of the German territory without any deforestation tendency. Topographical ...Read more